Belief perseverance vs. confirmation bias
A student keeps believing a supplement improves memory even after the only study supporting it is retracted for fabricated data. This is:
Answer B: explanation for every choice
A
Confirmation bias concerns how evidence is sought and interpreted. The stem describes keeping a belief after its basis is gone.
B
Correct. Belief perseverance is holding onto a belief after the evidence for it has been discredited.
C
Hindsight bias is believing after an event that you knew it would happen.
D
Overconfidence is overestimating the accuracy of your judgments.
TakeawayConfirmation bias: how you gather and weigh evidence. Belief perseverance: keeping the belief after the evidence is gone.
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Reviewed 2026-11-05 by a medical student. Spot an error? Report it with question ID ps36.