Conflict theory vs. functionalism vs. symbolic interactionism
A sociologist argues that standardized testing preserves the advantages of wealthy families, who can pay for test preparation. This argument reflects which perspective?
Answer C: explanation for every choice
A
Symbolic interactionism is micro-level: how people create meaning through symbols and everyday interaction.
B
Functionalism views institutions as serving functions that keep society stable, for example testing sorting students by merit.
C
Correct. Conflict theory sees society as competition for scarce resources, with institutions preserving the advantages of dominant groups.
D
Social exchange theory explains interactions as weighing costs and benefits, a micro-level view.
TakeawayFunctionalism → stability. Conflict theory → power and inequality. Symbolic interactionism → meaning in interaction.
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Reviewed 2026-11-05 by a medical student. Spot an error? Report it with question ID ps21.