Latent learning (Tolman's maze)
Rats allowed to explore a maze without any reward made few errors once food was later placed at the goal, quickly matching rats that had been rewarded all along. This shows:
Answer A: explanation for every choice
A
Correct. The rats learned the maze without reward. The learning appeared once there was a reason to use it.
B
Shaping reinforces successive approximations of a behavior. These rats were not reinforced during exploration.
C
Observational learning comes from watching a model.
D
Insight learning is a sudden solution without trial and error, as in Köhler's chimpanzees.
TakeawayLatent learning: learned without reward, shown once a reward appears.
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Reviewed 2026-11-05 by a medical student. Spot an error? Report it with question ID ps74.