Bio/Biochem · 1D

Metabolism and bioenergetics

Content category 1D. 40 questions in 8 sets, each with reasoning for every answer choice.

Set 1 · Amino acid metabolism

  1. Transamination and pyridoxal phosphatemedium
  2. Purely ketogenic amino acidsmedium
  3. Positive nitrogen balancemedium
  4. Urea cycle: carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Ihard
  5. Substrate-level vs. oxidative phosphorylationeasy

Set 2 · Bioenergetics

  1. Why FADH₂ yields less ATP than NADHmedium
  2. Coupling unfavorable reactions to ATP hydrolysismedium
  3. Cyanide poisoning and oxygen usemedium
  4. ATP synthase inhibition slows electron transportmedium
  5. NADH shuttles and ATP yieldmedium

Set 3 · Carbohydrate metabolism

  1. Uncouplers vs. electron transport chain inhibitorshard
  2. Rotenone and succinate oxidationhard
  3. Why muscle makes lactateeasy
  4. The Cori cycleeasy
  5. Gluconeogenesis vs. glycogenolysis: which enzymes?medium

Set 4 · Carbohydrate metabolism

  1. Thiamine and pyruvate dehydrogenasemedium
  2. Fructose metabolism bypasses PFK-1medium
  3. Why muscle glycogen can't raise blood glucosemedium
  4. Glycogen debranchingmedium
  5. Glucokinase vs. hexokinasemedium

Set 5 · Carbohydrate metabolism

  1. Treating pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiencyhard
  2. The energy cost of gluconeogenesishard
  3. Citric acid cycle products per acetyl-CoAmedium
  4. Anaplerotic reactionshard
  5. Glycolysis: the committed step and its regulationeasy

Set 6 · Lipid metabolism

  1. Ketone bodies: which tissue cannot use them?medium
  2. Fatty acid synthesis vs. β-oxidationmedium
  3. Odd-chain fatty acid oxidationmedium
  4. How statins lower LDLmedium
  5. Regulation of hormone-sensitive lipasemedium

Set 7 · Lipid metabolism

  1. Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase Ihard
  2. ATP yield from palmitatehard
  3. Aspirin and cyclooxygenasehard
  4. Insulin's effects on liver metabolismmedium
  5. Why ketone bodies rise in uncontrolled diabetesmedium

Set 8 · Metabolic regulation

  1. Brain fuel in prolonged starvationmedium
  2. Glucagon, PFK-2, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatehard
  3. Acetyl-CoA directs pyruvate's fatehard
  4. G6PD deficiency and NADPHmedium
  5. Pentose phosphate pathway: the nonoxidative phasemedium